Broadway y la música de cine

Inicios

Para los años veinte del pasado siglo Broadway se había convertido en el centro de los musicales más importantes del momento. Artistas, músicos, coreógrafos, etc. deambulaban por aquellos escenarios derrochando ingenio y virtuosismo. 

Hoy no podemos comprender la historia de los musicales de cine, sin conocer el papel que Broadway ha desempeñado en este género. Ha sido la cuna de la inmensa mayoría de las películas con este formato y por eso insto al lector a familiarizarse con la historia de Broadway y sus musicales.

Entre ellos cabe destacar Cole Porter, George Gerswin, Jerome Kern, Irving Berlin, Richard Rodgers o Nacio Herb Brown, entre otros. Y en el caso de intérpretes, se podría hablar de Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly, Maurice Chevalier, y un gran número de personajes clave de la historia de los musicales que andaban a pie y a caballo entre el cine y Broadway.

MusicalCompositorBroadwayCine
‘Los Miserables’Claude-Michel Schönberg19802012
‘El fantasma de la ópera’Andrew Lloyd Webber19862004
‘Jesucristo superstar’Andrew Lloyd Webber19711973
‘Porgy y Bess’George Gerswin19351959
‘Los hijos de la farándula’Richard Rodgers19371939
‘Todo vale’Cole Porter19341936
‘Vampiresas 1935’Harry Warren19291935
‘Girl crazy’George Gerswin19301932
Cole Porter
Cole Porter

Los musicales

Como ya he mencionado, antes de triunfar en la gran pantalla, muchos musicales habían sido estrenados en Broadway. 

También es cierto que algunos musicales de cine (raras excepciones), serían llevados más tarde al teatro (‘Fama’, estrenada en el cine en 1980 y en Broadway en 2003).

Así que era normal que muchos musicales y sus canciones vieran la luz en forma de películas, por lo que no hacía difícil que compositores de la época dieran el salto al cine. Esta costumbre de componer canciones mucho antes de presentarlas en un film se mantuvo hasta los setenta.

Porgy y Bess

Porgy and Bess (1935)

Carousel (1945)

Love never dies (2010)

AñoMusicalCompositor
2011Catch Me If You CanMarc Shaiman
2011Spider-Man: Turn Off the DarkBono and The Edge
2011The Book of MormonTrey Parker
2011The People in the PictureMike Stoller
2011WonderlandFrank Wildhorn
2010American IdiotGreen Day
2010Bloody Bloody Andrew JacksonMichael Friedman
2010Burn the FloorElton John
2010ElfMatthew Sklar
2010Everyday RaptureSherie Rene Scott
2010Million Dollar QuartetColin Escott
2010Sister ActAlan Menken
2010Sondheim on SondheimStephen Sondheim
2010The Addams FamilyAndrew Lippa
2010The Scottsboro BoysJohn Kander
2010Women on the Verge of a Nervous BreakdownDavid Yazbek
2010Love Never DiesAndrew Lloyd Webber
20099 to 5: The MusicalDolly Parton
2009Fela!Fela Anikulapo-Kuti
2009MemphisDavid Bryan
2009Next to NormalTom Kitt
2009Rock of AgesChris D'Arienzo
200813: The MusicalJason Robert Brown
2008A Catered AffairJohn Bucchino
2008Billy ElliotElton John
2008Cry-BabyAdam Schlesinger
2008In the HeightsLin-Manuel Miranda
2008Passing StrangeStew and Heidi Rodewald
2008Shrek the MusicalJeanine Tesori
2008The Little MermaidAlan Menken
2008White ChristmasIrving Berlin
2007CurtainsJohn Kander
2007Legally BlondeNell Benjamin
2007LoveMusikKurt Weill
2007The Pirate QueenClaude-Michel Schönberg
2007XanaduJohn Farrar
2007Young FrankensteinMel Brooks
2006Grey GardensScott Frankel
2006How the Grinch Stole ChristmasMel Marvin
2006Mary PoppinsR.Sherman
2006Spring AwakeningDuncan Sheik
2006TarzanPhil Collins
2006The Drowsy ChaperoneLisa Lambert
2006The Wedding SingerMatthew Sklar
2005Chita Rivera: The Dancer's LifeStephen Sondheim
2005Chitty Chitty Bang BangR.Sherman
2005Dirty Rotten ScoundrelsDavid Yazbek
2005Jersey BoysBob Gaudio
2005SpamalotJohn DuPrez
2005The 25th Annual Putnam Spelling BeeWilliam Finn
2005The Color PurpleBrenda Russell
2005The Light in the PiazzaAdam Guettel
2004AssassinsStephen Sondheim
2004Bombay DreamsA. R. Rahman
2004Caroline, or ChangeJeanine Tesori
2004The Frogs Stephen Sondheim
2003Avenue QRobert Lopez
2003Little Shop of HorrorsAlan Menken
2003TabooBoy George
2003The Boy from OzPeter Allen
2003WickedStephen Schwartz
2002Celebrating Sondheim Stephen Sondheim
2002Elaine Stritch At Liberty Stephen Sondheim
2002HairsprayMarc Shaiman
2002Mostly Sondheim Stephen Sondheim
2002Movin' OutBilly Joel
2002Thoroughly Moden MillieJeanine Tesori
2001Mamma MiaBenny Andersson
2001The ProducersMel Brooks
2001Tick, Tick...Boom!Jonathan Larson
2001Urinetown: The MusicalMark Hollmann
2000AidaElton John
2000Matters of the Heart Stephen Sondheim
2000RiverdanceBill Whelan
2000Seussical: The MusicalStephen Flaherty
2000The Full MontyDavid Yazbeck
2000The Wild Party (LaChiusa's)Michael John LaChiusa
2000The Wild Party (Lippa's)Andrew Lippa
1999Altar BoyzGary Adler
1999Fosse: The MusicalRichard Maltby
1999Putting It Together Stephen Sondheim
1999Saturday Night FeverThe Bee Gees
1999The Bomb-itty of ErrorsJ.A.Q.
1999The Civil WarFrank Wildhorn
1998Footloose: The MusicalTom Snow
1998Hedwig and the Angry InchStephen Trask
1998High SocietyCole Porter
1998ParadeJason Robert Brown
1998RagtimeStephen Flaherty
1998Notre dame de ParísRiccardo Cocciante
1997Jekyll & HydeFrank Wildhorn
1997Side ShowHenry Krieger
1997The Lion KingElton John
1997The Scarlet PimpernelFrank Wildhorn
1997Titanic: The MusicalMaury Yeston
1997Triumph of LoveJeffrey Stock
1996Big: The MusicalDavid Shire
1996Getting Away With Murder Stephen Sondheim
1996I Love You, You're Perfect, Now ChangeJimmy Roberts
1996Martin GuerreClaude-Michel Schönberg
1996RentJonathan Larson
1995Smokey Joe's CafeJerry Leiber
1995Victor/VictoriaHenry Mancini
1994Beauty and the BeastAlan Menken
1994PassionStephen Sondheim
1994Priscilla, Queen of the DesertGuy Gross
1993Blood BrothersWilly Russell
1993Kiss of the SpiderwomanJohn Kander
1993The Red Shoes Jule Styne
1993Tommy (The Who's)Pete Townshend
1992Crazy for YouGeorge Gershwin
1992RuthlessMarvin Laird
1991Sunset BoulevardAndrew Llyod Webber
1991Children of EdenStephen Schwartz
1991Miss SaigonClaude-Michel Schonberg
1991Nick & NoraCharles Strouse
1991The Secret GardenLucy Simon
1990Aspects of LoveAndrew Lloyd Webber
1989City of AngelsCy Coleman
1989Jerome Robbins' Broadway Irving Berlin
1988ChessBenny Andersson
1988Fame: The MusicalSteve Margoshes
1987Barbara Cook: A Concert for the Theatre Stephen Sondheim
1987Into the WoodsStephen Sondheim
1986The Phantom of the OperaAndrew Lloyd Webber
1985Big RiverRoger Miller
1984Sunday in the Park with GeorgeStephen Sondheim
1983La Cage Aux FollesJerry Herman
1982Joseph & the Amazing Technicolor DreamcoatAndrew Lloyd Webber
1982NineMaury Yeston
1981CatsAndrew Lloyd Webber
1981DreamgirlsHenry Krieger
1981Merrily We Roll AlongStephen Sondheim
1980Les MiserablesClaude-Michel Schonberg
198042nd StreetHarry Warren
1980BarnumCy Coleman
1980One Night Stand Jule Styne
1980Perfectly Frank Arthur Schwartz
1979EvitaAndrew Lloyd Webber
1979I Remember Mama Richard Rodgers
1979Sweeney ToddStephen Sondheim
1979The Madwoman of Central Park West Stephen Sondheim
1978Ain't Misbehavin'Thomas "Fats" Waller
1978The American Dance Machine Richard Rodgers
1977AnnieCharles Strouse
1977Side by Side by Sondheim Jule Styne
1976GodspellStephen Schwartz
1976Oh! Calcutta!Peter Schickele
1976Pacific Overtures Stephen Sondheim
1976Rex Richard Rodgers
1975A Chorus LineMarvin Hamlisch
1975Bette Midler's Clams on the Half Shell Revue Harry Warren
1975ChicagoJohn Kander
1975Rodgers & Hart Richard Rodgers
1975The Rocky Horror ShowRichard O'Brien
1975The WizCharlie Smalls
1974Lorelei Jule Styne
1973A Little Night MusicStephen Sondheim
1972GreaseJim Jacobs
1972PippinStephen Schwartz
1972Sugar Jule Styne
1972That's Entertainment Arthur Schwartz
1971FolliesStephen Sondheim
1971Jesus Christ SuperstarAndrew Lloyd Webber
1971TwigsStephen Sondheim
1971You're a Good Man Charlie BrownClark Gesner
1970ApplauseCharles Strouse
1970CompanyStephen Sondheim
1970Look to the Lilies Jule Styne
1970Two By Two Richard Rodgers
A Little Night Music (1973)

A Little Night Music'(1973)

Sunset Boulevard (1993)

Cats (1982)

Cats (1982)

AñoMusicalCompositor
19691776Sherman Edwards
1968Darling of the Day Jule Styne
1968George M.George M. Cohan
1968Hair: The MusicalGerome Ragni
1968Promises, PromisesBurt Bacharach
1967Hallelujah, Baby! Jule Styne
1966CabaretJohn Kander
1966MameJerry Herman
1966Sweet CharityCy Coleman
1966The Apple TreeJerry Bock
1965Do I Hear a Waltz? Richard Rodgers
1965Flora the Red MenaceJohn Kander
1965Man of La ManchaMitch Leigh
1965On a Clear Day You Can See ForeverBurton Lane
1964Anyone Can WhistleStephen Sondheim
1964Fade Out - Fade In Jule Styne
1964Fiddler on the RoofJerry Bock
1964Foxy Johnny Mercer
1964Funny Girl Jule Styne
1964Hello, Dolly!Jerry Herman
1963110 In the ShadeHarvey Schmidt
1963Arturo Ui Jule Styne
1963Jennie Arthur Schwartz
1963Oliver!Lionel Bart
1963She Loves MeJerry Bock
1962A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the ForumStephen Sondheim
1962Mr. President Irving Berlin
1962No Strings Richard Rodgers
1961An Evening With Yves MontandJule Styne
1961How to Succeed in Business Without Really TryingFrank Loesser
1961Subways Are for Sleeping Jule Styne
1961The Gay Life Arthur Schwartz
1960Bye Bye BirdieCharles Strouse
1960CamelotFrederick Loewe
1960Do Re Mi Jule Styne
1960Greenwillow Frank Loesser
1960Invitation to a March Stephen Sondheim
1960The FantasticksHarvey Schmidt
1959Fiorello!Jerry Bock
1959GypsyJule Styne
1959JamaicaHarold Arlen
1959Once Upon a MattressMary Rodgers
1959RedheadAlbert Hague
1959Saratoga Johnny Mercer
1959The Sound of MusicRichard Rodgers
1958A Party with Betty Comden & Adolph Green Jule Styne
1958Flower Drum SongRichard Rodgers
1958Say, Darling Jule Styne
1958The World of Suzie Wong Richard Rodgers
1957CandideLeonard Bernstein
1957CinderellaRichard Rodgers
1957Miss Lonelyhearts Jule Styne
1957The Music Man Frank Loesser
1957West Side StoryLeonard Bernstein
1956Bells are RingingJule Styne
1956Girls of Summer Stephen Sondheim
1956Li'l Abner Johnny Mercer
1956Mr. Wonderful Cole Porter
1956My Fair LadyFredrick Loewe
1956Shangri-La Harry Warren
1956The Most Happy FellaFrank Loesser
1956Wake Up, Darling Jule Styne
1955All in One Cole Porter
1955Damn YankeesRichard Adler
1955House of Flowers Harold Arlen
1955Pipe Dream Richard Rodgers
1955Silk Stockings Cole Porter
1954By the Beautiful Sea Arthur Schwartz
1954Peter PanMark Charlap
1954The Pajama GameRichard Adler
1953At Home With Ethel Waters Harold Arlen
1953Can-Can Cole Porter
1953Hazel Flagg Jule Styne
1953KismetGeorge Forrest
1953Me and Juliet Richard Rodgers
1953Wonderful TownLeonard Bernstein
1951A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Arthur Schwartz
1951Paint Your WagonFredrick Loewe
1951The King and IRichard Rodgers
1951Top Banana Johnny Mercer
1951Two on the Aisle Jule Styne
1950Call Me MadamIrving Berlin
1950Guys and DollsFrank Loesser
1950Out of This WorldCole Porter
1950The Happy Time Richard Rodgers
1949Diamond Lil Harry Warren
1949Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Jule Styne
1949Miss Liberty Irving Berlin
1949South PacificRichard Rodgers
1949Texas, Li'l Darlin' Johnny Mercer
1948Inside U.S.A. Arthur Schwartz
1948Kiss Me KateCole Porter
1948Maurice Chevalier in an evening of Songs and Impressions Richard Rodgers
1948Where's Charley?Frank Loesser
1947AllegroRichard Rodgers
1947BrigadoonFredrick Loewe
1947Finian's RainbowBurton Lane
1947High Button Shoes Jule Styne
1946Annie Get Your GunIrving Berlin
1946Around the WorldCole Porter
1946Bloomer Girl Harold Arlen
1946Happy Birthday Richard Rodgers
1946Park Avenue Arthur Schwartz
1946St. Louis Woman Harold Arlen
1945CarouselRichard Rodgers
1944La BohemeGiacomo Puccini
1944Mexican Hayride Cole Porter
1944On the TownLeonard Bernstein
1944Seven Lively Arts Cole Porter
1943Oklahoma!Richard Rodgers
1943Something for the Boys Cole Porter
1943Star and Garter Harold Arlen
1942By Jupiter Richard Rodgers
1942This Is the Army Irving Berlin
1941Let's Face It! Cole Porter
1940Higher and Higher Richard Rodgers
1940Louisiana Purchase Irving Berlin
1940Pal JoeyRichard Rodgers
1940Panama Hattie Cole Porter
1940Very Warm for May Jerome Kern
1940Walk With Music Johnny Mercer
Les Miserables (1987)

Les Miserables (1980)

Wicked (2003)

'Wicked' (2003)

The Phantom of the Opera

The Phantom of the Opera (1986)

Notre dame de Paris (1998)

AñoMusicalCompositor
1939Du Barry Was a Lady Cole Porter
1939Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1939 Johnny Mercer
1939Mamba's DaughtersJerome Kern
1939Stars In Your Eyes Arthur Schwartz
1939Swingin' The Dream Harry Warren
1939The Man Who Came to Dinner Cole Porter
1939Too Many Girls Richard Rodgers
1938Boys from SyracuseRichard Rodgers
1938Hooray For What! Harold Arlen
1938I Married an Angel Richard Rodgers
1938Leave It to Me! Cole Porter
1938The Boys from Syracuse Richard Rodgers
1938You Never Know Cole Porter
1937Babes in ArmsRichard Rodgers
1937Between the Devil Arthur Schwartz
1937I'd Rather Be Right Richard Rodgers
1937Virginia Arthur Schwartz
1936On Your Toes Richard Rodgers
1936Red, Hot and Blue Cole Porter
1936The Illustrators' Show Frank Loesser
1936The Show is On Arthur Schwartz
1935At Home Abroad Arthur Schwartz
1935Jubilee Cole Porter
1935Jumbo Richard Rodgers
1935Life Begins at 8:40 Harold Arlen
1935Porgy and Bess George Gershwin
1934Anything GoesCole Porter
1934Revenge with Music Arthur Schwartz
1933As Thousands Cheer Irving Berlin
1933Let 'Em Eat Cake George Gershwin
1933Music in the Air Jerome Kern
1933Pardon My English George Gershwin
1933RobertaJerome Kern
1933The Threepenny OperaKurt Weill
1932Chamberlain Brown's Scrap Book Harry Warren
1932Face the Music Irving Berlin
1932Flying Colors Arthur Schwartz
1932Gay Divorce Cole Porter
1932George White's Music Hall VarietiesHarold Arlen
1932The Laugh Parade Harry Warren
1931America's Sweetheart Richard Rodgers
1931Earl Carroll's VanitiesHarold Arlen
1931Of Thee I Sing George Gershwin
1931Shoot the Works Irving Berlin
1931Sweet and Low Harry Warren
1931The Band Wagon Arthur Schwartz
1931The Cat and the Fiddle Jerome Kern
1931You Said It Harold Arlen
1930Girl Crazy George Gershwin
1930Second Little Show Arthur Schwartz
1930Simple Simon Richard Rodgers
1930Strike Up the Band George Gershwin
1930Three's a Crowd Arthur Schwartz
1929Fifty Million Frenchmen Cole Porter
1929Heads Up Richard Rodgers
1929Lady Fingers Richard Rodgers
1929Show Girl George Gershwin
1929Spring is HereRichard Rodgers
1929Sweet Adeline Jerome Kern
1929The Little Show Arthur Schwartz
1929Wake Up and Dream Cole Porter
1928Chee-Chee Richard Rodgers
1928Harry Delmar's Revels James V. Monaco
1928Paris Cole Porter
1928Present Arms Richard Rodgers
1928Rosalie George Gershwin
1928She's My Baby Richard Rodgers
1928Treasure Girl George Gershwin
1927A Connecticut Yankee Richard Rodgers
1927Funny Face George Gershwin
1927Lucky George Gershwin
1927Show BoatJerome Kern
1927The New Yorkers Arthur Schwartz
1926Americana George Gershwin
1926Betsy Richard Rodgers
1926Criss Cross Jerome Kern
1926Grand Street FolliesArthur Schwartz
1926Oh, Kay! George Gershwin
1926Peggy-Ann Richard Rodgers
1926The Girl Friend Richard Rodgers
1925Dearest Enemy Richard Rodgers
1925Garrick Gaieties [Revival, Musical, Revue]Richard Rodgers
1925June Days [Original, Musical, Comedy]Richard Rodgers
1925No, No, NanetteVincent Youmans
1925Song of the Flame George Gershwin
1925Sunny Jerome Kern
1925Tell Me More George Gershwin
1925The City Chap Jerome Kern
1925The Cocoanuts Irving Berlin
1925Tip-Toes George Gershwin
1924Dear Sir Jerome Kern
1924Lady, Be Good George Gershwin
1924Sitting Pretty Jerome Kern
1924Sweet Little Devil George Gershwin
1923Little Miss Bluebeard George Gershwin
1923Our Nell George Gershwin
1923Stepping Stones Jerome Kern
1923The Dancing Girl George Gershwin
1922For Goodness Sake George Gershwin
1922The Bunch and Judy Jerome Kern
1922The French Doll George Gershwin
1921Blue EyesGeorge Gershwin
1921Good Morning Dearie Jerome Kern
1921Music Box RevueIrving Berlin
1921Snapshots of 1921 George Gershwin
1921The Broadway Whirl George Gershwin
1920As You Were Cole Porter
1920Broadway Brevities of 1920 George Gershwin
1920George White's ScandalsGeorge Gershwin
1920Morris Gest's "Midnight Whirl" George Gershwin
1920Poor Little Ritz GirlRichard Rodgers
1920Sally Jerome Kern
1920The Night Boat Jerome Kern
1920The Sweetheart Shop George Gershwin
1919A Lonely Romeo Richard Rodgers
1919Good Morning, Judge George Gershwin
1919Hitchy-KooCole Porter
1919IreneHarry Tierney
1919La, La, Lucille George Gershwin
1919Ladies First George Gershwin
1919She's a Good Fellow Jerome Kern
1919The Greenwich Village FolliesIrving Berlin
1919The Lady in Red George Gershwin
1918Everything Irving Berlin
1918Head Over Heels Jerome Kern
1918Jack O'Lantern Irving Berlin
1918Oh, Lady! Lady! Jerome Kern
1918Oh, My Dear! Jerome Kern
1918Rock-a-Bye Baby Jerome Kern
1918The Canary Irving Berlin
1918The Cohan Revue of 1918 Irving Berlin
1918Toot-Toot! Jerome Kern
1918Yip Yip Yaphank Irving Berlin
1917Dance and Grow Thin Irving Berlin
1917Have a Heart Jerome Kern
1917Leave It to Jane Jerome Kern
1917Love o' Mike Jerome Kern
1917Miss 1917 Jerome Kern
1917Oh, Boy Jerome Kern
1917The Century Girl Irving Berlin
1916Miss SpringtimeJerome Kern
1916See America First Cole Porter
1916Stop! Look! Listen! Irving Berlin
191590 in the Shade Jerome Kern
1915A Modern Eve Jerome Kern
1915Cousin Lucy Jerome Kern
1915Fads and Fancies Jerome Kern
1915Hands Up Cole Porter
1915Miss Information Cole Porter
1915Nobody Home Jerome Kern
1915The Girl from Utah Jerome Kern
1915Very Good Eddie Jerome Kern
1915Watch Your Step Irving Berlin
1915Ziegfeld Follies of 1915 Irving Berlin
1914The Queen of the Movies Irving Berlin
1914To-Night's the Night Jerome Kern
1913All Aboard Irving Berlin
1913Oh, I Say! Jerome Kern
1913The Doll Girl Jerome Kern
1913The Marriage Market Jerome Kern
1912A Night with the Pierrots / Sesostra / The Whirl of Society Irving Berlin
1912A Winsome Widow Jerome Kern
1912Hanky Panky Irving Berlin
1912Hokey-pokey / Bunty, Bulls and Strings Irving Berlin
1912Peggy Irving Berlin
1912The "Mind-the-Paint" GirlJerome Kern
1912The Girl from Montmartre Jerome Kern
1912The Opera Ball Jerome Kern
1912The Passing Show of 1912 Irving Berlin
1912The Red Petticoat Jerome Kern
1912The Sun Dodgers Irving Berlin
1912The Woman Haters Jerome Kern
1911Hell / Temptations / GabyIrving Berlin
1911Jumping Jupiter Irving Berlin
1911La Belle Paree Jerome Kern
1911The Fascinating Widow Irving Berlin
1911The Hen-Pecks Jerome Kern
1911The Kiss Waltz Jerome Kern
1911The Siren Jerome Kern
1910Our Miss Gibbs Jerome Kern
1910The Echo Jerome Kern
1910The Jolly Bachelors Irving Berlin
1910The King of Cadonia Jerome Kern
1910Up and Down Broadway Irving Berlin
1910Ziegfeld Follies of 1910Irving Berlin
1909Kitty Grey Jerome Kern
1909The Girl and the Wizard Jerome Kern
1908Fluffy Ruffles Jerome Kern
1908The Girls of Gottenberg Jerome Kern
1907Fascinating Flora Jerome Kern
1907The DairymaidsJerome Kern
1907The Orchid Jerome Kern
1906My Lady's Maid Jerome Kern
1906The Little Cherub Jerome Kern
1906The Rich Mr. Hoggenheimer Jerome Kern
1905The Catch of the Season Jerome Kern
1905The Earl and the Girl Jerome Kern
1904An English Daisy Jerome Kern
1904Mr. Wix of WickhamJerome Kern